Some kids just don’t believe math can be fun, so that means it’s up to you to change their minds! Math is essential, but that doesn’t mean it has to be boring. After all, the best learning often happens when kids don’t even know their learn...Dec 12, 2021 · The main reason I use Kahoot is for formative assessment. I like to play the Kahoot at the start of my Math class with the topic we learned about the previous day. Instead of an “exit ticket” which is normally given at the end of class, I think of these games as like an entryticket to set the foundation for that day’s new lesson. This ... The Math Game Teachers Have Been Waiting For. Posted May 13, 2021 by Nick ... February 21, 2021 by Nick LaFave. Even students' favorite review games like Kahoot ...iPad. Kahoot! Numbers by DragonBox is an award-winning learning game that gives your child a perfect introduction to math and the foundation they need for future math learning. “Kahoot! Numbers by DragonBox is the first thing you should download on a tablet if you have kids 4-8 years old” -Forbes. The prestigious Parents magazine names Kahoot!When it comes to playing games, math may not be the most exciting game theme for most people, but they shouldn’t rule math games out without giving them a chance. Coolmath.com has a large selection of games for ages 13 through 100 (and beyo...How to play GamiSoft 2.0 with GameLoop on PC. 1. Download GameLoop from the official website, then run the exe file to install GameLoop. 2. Open GameLoop and search for “GamiSoft 2.0” , find GamiSoft 2.0 in the search results and click “Install”. 3.If you’ve got an elementary-school-aged child who would rather play video games than do their math homework, you can rest assured that you’re not alone. And, hey, who can blame them? Let’s be honest, most adults would probably opt for the v...1. AhaSlides vs Kahoot! For presentations, education, training, team meetings and quizzes. Why use AhaSlides AhaSlides is an all-in-one presentation, education and training tool. It’s a simple, easy-to-use and free alternative to Kahoot, with a no-pay plan that gives you all the freedom you need to host incredible interactive presentations.Build a greater understanding of advanced topics and concepts in math with Kahoot! Multiplication, Geometry, and Algebra 2 by DragonBox. Suitable for ages 8 yrs+. Explore quiz games for kids on a wide range of topics such as science games for kids or practice social-emotional learning with Kahoot! Quiz games.Aug 12, 2023 · 26 Kahoot Alternatives (Free Game Websites Like Kahoot) in 2023: 1. Quizlet. Quizlet is one of the best Kahoot alternatives because it is an easy study application based on games and the web. It comes with compelling learning tools and games that students can practice and get proficient in the learning materials. If you want problem-solving games and puzzles the entire family will enjoy, you’ll find lots of choice at Math Playground’s website. You can give your brain a bit of a workout at mathplayground.com or use the site to help your child grasp m...Quizalize: Best For Math. Poll Everywhere: Best For No-Frills, Personalized Quizzes. Splashlearn: Best For Pre-K And Early Elementary. Crowdpurr: Best For Real-Time Audience Engagement. Kahootz: Best For Collaborative Learning. Whether you’re aiming for enhanced gamified teaching with Classpoint, making meetings more interactive with ... During the development period of Kahoot! Quiz games, Simon Hunt, a 3/4 teacher at Tottingham Primary School in Bury, UK, helped us out to test Kahoot! Quiz games together with his students. With child-friendly features like read-aloud technology and its diverse content, he finds it as a good teaching tool, and his young learners love to play it!From math to science to reading, Kahoot has many apps and games for kids. Kahoot! Kids, in particular, is an app that allows children to learn new knowledge and skills while having fun. With eight supported languages, Kahoot! Kids is also a splendid choice for multilingual families or if you want your child to pick up a new language.Some games on PBS Kids Go include “Kart Kingdom,” “Giant Hide and Seek” and “Oh Noah! Lost and Found.” These educational games help kids learn math, problem solving and other skills.Studio in 2018. Kahoot! Studio, our service where we create and publish free, original, high-quality kahoots, will be focusing heavily on math this year. Our goal is to cover as much of the curriculum for grades 9-12 and 5-8 as possible. In addition to that we will continue to release curriculum aligned games for Science, ELA and History.Amidst all the school subjects, math is often difficult for young learners. The reality is that math problems can help students learn how to navigate the world around them in some really practical ways, strengthening rationale thought, prob...Kahoot vs Quizizz: Student Experiences. Both Kahoot and Quizizz use fun music and bright colors to make the learning atmosphere more energetic and game-like. When using Quizizz, you can see the questions and answers through your device. With Kahoot, however, your device will only display the symbol and color choices.Jun 15, 2023 · The newest game in the award-winning DragonBox series is here! Kahoot! Multiplication is a game that your child will be truly delighted to play. 20 wacky and exciting mini games, and an engaging reward system, compel your child to keep practicing until they can recite the times tables with ease. flag Flag as inappropriate. The main reason I use Kahoot is for formative assessment. I like to play the Kahoot at the start of my Math class with the topic we learned about the previous day. Instead of an “exit ticket” which is normally given at the end of class, I think of these games as like an entryticket to set the foundation for that day’s new lesson. This ...This is one of the most innovative ways to proceed with interactive lessons. Plus, you can assign homework from your home. Apart from attaching images, you can also send funny clips to make the lessons more interesting. The more you involve students, the quicker they learn. "Quizlet". 5. Quizlet.15. Moose Math. Now part of Khan Academy, Moose Math is a free math app that helps kids practice basic math skills. The app follows an adventure format as kids complete 5 different activities: Moose Juice: Create smoothies while practicing counting, addition and subtraction. Paint Pet: Paint pets by counting the number of dots.The Math Game Teachers Have Been Waiting For. Posted May 13, 2021 by Nick ... February 21, 2021 by Nick LaFave. Even students' favorite review games like Kahoot ...Mar 15, 2021 · 4. Acadly. Acadly is another free Kahoot alternative that helps you to make learning fun and interactive. It offers great tools for the management of the class including quizzes, question-answers, polls, attendance, and other analytics. It is an amazing tool for a collective learning experience. In addition, we’ve launched Duck duck fractions, a fully cooperative ready-to-play math game that has your students learning fractions with interactive puzzles and …Kahoot Bot is a great online tool that provides students with the means to send artificial bots and flood Kahoot Games. The goal is to allow the end-user to send bots to the desired game or session online without restrictions. It is known by many names, including Kahoot spammer, Kahoot Killer, Kahoot crasher, Kahoot Ninja, and many more. A digital learning space for your pupils and a toolkit for you, so that you can search, plan, allocate and assess all in one place.It is designed to help kids develop new skills such as literacy, numeracy, social-emotional, cognitive, and language learning.In the Kahoot! Kids app users can play self-paced quiz games with kid-friendly features like read-aloud technology, questions displayed on-screen as text, and images as answers. Open Kahoot!Blooket and Kahoot are both interactive learning tools that allow teachers to create fun and engaging quizzes, games, and activities for their students. Blooket, which is a combination of the words “book” and “pocket,” is a newer platform that has gained popularity in recent years. Kahoot, on the other hand, has been around since 2013 ... Ok so this isn't like kahoot but - I'm always eager to share to program with people looking for "fun" stuff for kids. Prodigy- it's a free math game for grades 1-8. It's like an RPG. Kids level up, get spells, earn pets, fight baddies. All of it is by solving math problems. They program offers hints. You can assign certain types of ...With Kahoot! 360 Engage you can bring to life training your teams will want to complete, all via the K! app. Support self-paced learning, knowledge retention, and collaboration today! Learn more. Investor consortium announcing offer to take Kahoot! private and support accelerated growth trajectory, and vision to make learning awesome for everyone. 2. Acadly. Acadly is one of the best game app available for better learning. Acadly is real-time in-class polling, quizzing, Question and Answer, attendance, and student behavior analytics tool. Acadly is a free app. Both students and teachers can enjoy this app for awesome teaching and learning.Kahoot vs Quizizz: Student Experiences. Both Kahoot and Quizizz use fun music and bright colors to make the learning atmosphere more energetic and game-like. When using Quizizz, you can see the questions and answers through your device. With Kahoot, however, your device will only display the symbol and color choices.Reflex Math Online Tutorials (Learnzillion, Khan Academy, Math Antics) Online Math Games (Math is Fun, Funbrain, Cool Math Games, Math Playground) Essential Questions And Content Operations And Algebraic Thinking Strategies for Addition and Subtraction Within 20 How do subtraction and addition relate to one another?Math and science games for grades K-8 that increase engagement and test scores. Curriculum aligned. Backed by Research. Teacher Reviewed. Fun for Students.Icebreakers for major events or gatherings (for extra-large groups) 8. Pop quiz on the topic to be discussed. Leaders worldwide have come to love bringing to life this icebreaker with Kahoot! In fact, a group of educators came up with a name for the energizing, unexpected, quiz-like game that sets the scene for learning.Mar 26, 2021 · Teachers are also increasingly using apps and interactive game platforms like Kahoot and Quizizz—Kahoot says that more than 6 million teachers in 200 countries use its app to date—as fun formative assessment tools to ensure that students are on track with their learning, especially during the pandemic. Cameron-Jarvis says teachers are ... If you want problem-solving games and puzzles the entire family will enjoy, you’ll find lots of choice at Math Playground’s website. You can give your brain a bit of a workout at mathplayground.com or use the site to help your child grasp m...9. Jumble Feature. This Kahoot feature requires students to unscramble words, sentences, dates of events, math equations, and more! Similar to the puzzle feature, jumble makes geography challenge questions, quotations, and other common topics fun to study and easy for teachers to check student understanding.Interactive lessons. Easily embed images and video, import existing slides, and seamlessly blend in assessment. Spin the wheel. Take the stress out of cold calls and make it fun for students to share what they know. Whiteboard. Enable real-time insights and check for understanding during instruction.Apr 1, 2022 · In addition to Kahoot’s game-based features, the Quizzzz platform also includes interactive quizzes that may be taken either individually or in groups. Multiple choice and short answer test styles can be typed in on Quizizz much like on Kahoot, making it a great tool for teachers and students alike. Best Games like Kahoot and Quizizz 1 ... Jul 31, 2023 · It is designed to help kids develop new skills such as literacy, numeracy, social-emotional, cognitive, and language learning.In the Kahoot! Kids app users can play self-paced quiz games with kid-friendly features like read-aloud technology, questions displayed on-screen as text, and images as answers. Open Kahoot! Easily teach via video. Host a kahoot live in class or via a video conferencing tool to teach an interactive lesson. Questions and answers are displayed on a shared screen while students answer on their devices but you can choose to display questions on their devices – which works perfectly in a virtual learning environment. iPad. Kahoot! Numbers by DragonBox is an award-winning learning game that gives your child a perfect introduction to math and the foundation they need for future math learning. “Kahoot! Numbers by DragonBox is the first thing you should download on a tablet if you have kids 4-8 years old” -Forbes. The prestigious Parents magazine names Kahoot!Best Kahoot Alternatives. 1. Blackboard Learn. Blackboard Learn is a learning management software for simple yet powerful teaching and learning. The software is being used by ... 2. Quizizz. 3. Brainshark. 4. Lessonly. 5. Canvas.7 PanQuiz! 8 QuizUp Quizizz: Play to learn Quizizz is one of the best apps for classroom and work. But you can also use it for other activities, to learn or host multi-choice questions for others in different subjects. Whether you want to perk up your mathematics solving skills or dig into creative arts, chemistry, or other topics, it helps a lot.The acquisition of math terminology is essential to the understanding of key mathematics concepts. These pre-made links will lead you to interactive Kahoot games you can play with your students while reviewing essential math vocabulary. Kahoot is a great way to review necessary skills while having the entire class engaged. It uses interactive ...Version History. Version 1.3.19. The newest game in the award-winning DragonBox series is here! Kahoot! Multiplication is a game that your child will be truly delighted to play. 20 wacky and exciting mini games, and an engaging reward system, compel your child to keep practicing until they can recite the times tables with ease. 04/17/2022. Trivia Quiz Mania – Quiz with Answers. As the name suggests, it’s the quiz games app, much like Kahoot. It includes over 3000+ trivia quizzes that you can play with no strings attached. There are a plethora of subjects for you to choose from – geography, animals, vehicle, cartoon, mathematics e.t.c.behind the nickname in your game. We'll track players' scores to their emails, names or another identifier of your choice. BlankRefer - create an anonymous link Questions on the first act of The Crucible. Terms in this set (23) ... Crucible act 4. 15 terms. whit_miller. The Crucible Act 3 Study Guide. 21 terms. ldujka TEACHER. YOU MIGHT ALSO ...Kahoot vs Quizizz: Student Experiences. Both Kahoot and Quizizz use fun music and bright colors to make the learning atmosphere more energetic and game-like. When using Quizizz, you can see the questions and answers through your device. With Kahoot, however, your device will only display the symbol and color choices.MAKE ADVANCED MATH EASY Multiplication games to master times table with ease, immersive math games for algebra practice, and master the world of shapes while gaining confidence in geometry. Build a greater understanding of advanced topics and concepts in math with Kahoot! Multiplication, Geometry, and Algebra 2 by DragonBox. Suitable for ages 8 ...In realtime, students submit questions, you accept them, and then the class plays a game with the questions they wrote! Game on. Get your first game going and see your students engaged like never before! Gimkit is a game show for the classroom that requires knowledge, collaboration, and strategy to win. Get started for free! 20 de fev. de 2023 ... And don't worry because there are plenty of games like Kahoot! Top free Kahoot alternatives. Mentimeter; Quizziz; Brightful; Quizlet; Acadly ...9. Jumble Feature. This Kahoot feature requires students to unscramble words, sentences, dates of events, math equations, and more! Similar to the puzzle feature, jumble makes geography challenge questions, quotations, and other common topics fun to study and easy for teachers to check student understanding.Play this kahoot titled 3rd Grade Math Review 3rd Grade Math Review Third grade review questions on subtraction, addition, multiplication, division, fact families, time, mass, fractions, area and perimeter.While Kahoot is a popular platform for online quizzes and games, there are numerous other alternatives that can add variety and excitement to your virtual classroom. In this list, we’ll explore fun Online Classroom Games Like Kahoot that can promote active participation, assess knowledge, and foster a fun and engaging learning environment.Aug 12, 2023 · 26 Kahoot Alternatives (Free Game Websites Like Kahoot) in 2023: 1. Quizlet. Quizlet is one of the best Kahoot alternatives because it is an easy study application based on games and the web. It comes with compelling learning tools and games that students can practice and get proficient in the learning materials. Version History. Version 1.3.19. The newest game in the award-winning DragonBox series is here! Kahoot! Multiplication is a game that your child will be truly delighted to play. 20 wacky and exciting mini games, and an engaging reward system, compel your child to keep practicing until they can recite the times tables with ease. 04/17/2022.Mathematics is a subject that many students find challenging and intimidating. The thought of numbers, equations, and problem-solving can be overwhelming, leading to disengagement and lack of interest.You can play the Prodigy Math game by creating a game account, accessing your class code, logging in and creating a custom wizard character for the fantasy-themed math adventure. Complete the math games in order to move through the material...A digital learning space for your pupils and a toolkit for you, so that you can search, plan, allocate and assess all in one place.Oct 6, 2023 · BUILD A SOLID MATH FOUNDATION. Educational games like Kahoot! Numbers, Big Numbers, and Algebra by DragonBox are a great way to introduce your kids to math and build their understanding of numbers, addition, subtraction, and algebra. Suitable for ages 4-8. MAKE ADVANCED MATH EASY. Explore cool math games with Kahoot! 26 Kahoot Alternatives (Free Game Websites Like Kahoot) in 2023: 1. Quizlet. Quizlet is one of the best Kahoot alternatives because it is an easy study application based on games and the web. It comes with compelling learning tools and games that students can practice and get proficient in the learning materials.Explore and discover millions of ready-to-play quiz-based learning games (kahoots). Create your own kahoots in minutes for your next party, meeting, or workshop, or to make …Kahoot! offers hundreds of quizzes for every occasion. Browse through our collection to find the right quiz for you. Ready to play for free!Sep 27, 2023 · Definitely, AhaSlides is a great alternative to Kahoot quizzes. AhaSlides has 18 slide types and counting! As well as having more quizzing and polling options, AhaSlides allows users to build professional quizzes with a wide range of introductory content slides, as well as games like the spinner wheel. Assess learning–today's favorite is gameshow webtools such as Kahoot and Quizizz. You can also try critical thinking games like a Digital Breakout Room that ...Trivia Quiz Mania – Quiz with Answers. As the name suggests, it’s the quiz games app, much like Kahoot. It includes over 3000+ trivia quizzes that you can play with no strings attached. There are a plethora of subjects for you to choose from – geography, animals, vehicle, cartoon, mathematics e.t.c.Students can answer questions to help them run a cafe, collect gold, battle in head-to-head showdowns, and more. Most game modes can also be assigned as homework. Host and Join. Much like Kahoot, the teacher hosts the game on the classroom screen while students join and participate on their own devices. No student accounts are required to ...Kahoot! Cool Math Games. Google Classroom. Safe Search Kids. Tynker. Google Drive.During the development period of Kahoot! Quiz games, Simon Hunt, a 3/4 teacher at Tottingham Primary School in Bury, UK, helped us out to test Kahoot! Quiz games together with his students. With child-friendly features like read-aloud technology and its diverse content, he finds it as a good teaching tool, and his young learners love to play it!Oct 14, 2020 · Pros It’s a shared experience. Everyone responds at the same time. That also means we can provide feedback to everyone at the same time. There are millions of publicly created Kahoot! games you can use (or duplicate for yourself and change). Math isn’t on everyone’s list of favorite subjects, but even if it’s not your kids’ favorite subject, you can help them learn to enjoy it a little more with a few online games. With math there are formulas and rules to learn and some basic ...See a full Blooket vs. Kahoot comparison below, (or check out our list of games like Kahoot, that has a lot of great alternatives to both Blooket and Kahoot). 1. Slides With Friends. Our favorite alternative to Blooket is Slides With Friends. It has some of the most interesting interactions and ways to engage students that we've seen, and it's ...Students can answer questions to help them run a cafe, collect gold, battle in head-to-head showdowns, and more. Most game modes can also be assigned as homework. Host and Join. Much like Kahoot, the teacher hosts the game on the classroom screen while students join and participate on their own devices. No student accounts are required to ...1. AhaSlides vs Kahoot! For presentations, education, training, team meetings and quizzes. Why use AhaSlides AhaSlides is an all-in-one presentation, education and training tool. It’s a simple, easy-to-use and free alternative to Kahoot, with a no-pay plan that gives you all the freedom you need to host incredible interactive presentations.Kahoot Bot is a great online tool that provides students with the means to send artificial bots and flood Kahoot Games. The goal is to allow the end-user to send bots to the desired game or session online without restrictions. It is known by many names, including Kahoot spammer, Kahoot Killer, Kahoot crasher, Kahoot Ninja, and many more. We have spent over 15 years creating digital math games, card games, board games and flashcards. ... like Greg is in your classroom, providing help with whole ...Interactive lessons. Easily embed images and video, import existing slides, and seamlessly blend in assessment. Spin the wheel. Take the stress out of cold calls and make it fun for students to share what they know. Whiteboard. Enable real-time insights and check for understanding during instruction.Best Kahoot Alternatives. 1. Blackboard Learn. Blackboard Learn is a learning management software for simple yet powerful teaching and learning. The software is being used by ... 2. Quizizz. 3. Brainshark. 4. Lessonly. 5. Canvas.In this list, we'll explore fun Online Classroom Games Like Kahoot that can promote active participation, assess knowledge, and foster a fun and engaging. ... Organize a virtual math olympiad using platforms like Mathletics or Prodigy. Create math challenges or problem-solving activities that cover various math concepts and skills.
When it comes to playing games, math may not be the most exciting game theme for most people, but they shouldn’t rule math games out without giving them a chance. Coolmath.com has a large selection of games for ages 13 through 100 (and beyo.... Michael moore 9 11
Play this kahoot titled 3rd Grade Math Review 3rd Grade Math Review Third grade review questions on subtraction, addition, multiplication, division, fact families, time, mass, fractions, area and perimeter. Making lessons fun is a fantastic way to help kids learn, especially when it comes to math. In the digital age, there are so many online resources to help kids with their learning. One of the most popular networks for helping kids with math...Feb 21, 2021 · Posted February 21, 2021 by Nick LaFave under Review & Study. Even students’ favorite review games like Kahoot, Quizizz, and Gimkit can get a little dull if they are overplayed. That’s why I’m always excited to find another engaging review game to add to the mix. Blooket is a free, fun, and engaging review game with tons of built-in variety. Aug 4, 2023 · 1. Quizizz. Quizizz stands out as a top contender in online classroom games like Kahoot, offering an interactive and engaging learning experience akin to Kahoot. With its unique features and user-friendly interface, Quizizz has gained recognition as a powerful tool for teachers and students. Join a game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn – any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!Take a look inside 6 images. Pros: Five free challenges each day and varied mini-games can be a good daily dose of multiplication drills. Cons: There's no student tracking or student tips, and the drills don't offer much depth. Bottom Line: The focus is narrow, but for straightforward drill practice, these fun mini-games can hit the spot.If you’ve got an elementary-school-aged child who would rather play video games than do their math homework, you can rest assured that you’re not alone. And, hey, who can blame them? Let’s be honest, most adults would probably opt for the v...Mar 23, 2021 · Here are examples of ready-to-use Kahoots for middle school math that I have used with my students. You can play as a “guest” or login to keep a record of the results. Remember, you can edit any Kahoot! to exactly what you want by duplicating it and making your own copy. I’ve done this often to change the amount of time per question, or ... Teachers are also increasingly using apps and interactive game platforms like Kahoot and Quizizz—Kahoot says that more than 6 million teachers in 200 countries use its app to date—as fun formative assessment tools to ensure that students are on track with their learning, especially during the pandemic. Cameron-Jarvis says teachers are ...quantities measured in like or different units. 2. Decide whether two quantities are in a proportional relationship, e.g., by testing for equivalent ratios ... (Kahoot, Brainpop) Student Projects ... Online Tutorials (Learnzillion, Khan Academy, Math Antics) Online Math Games (Math is Fun, Funbrain, Cool Math Games, Math Playground) Illustrative Mathematics …Jan 9, 2018 · Studio in 2018. Kahoot! Studio, our service where we create and publish free, original, high-quality kahoots, will be focusing heavily on math this year. Our goal is to cover as much of the curriculum for grades 9-12 and 5-8 as possible. In addition to that we will continue to release curriculum aligned games for Science, ELA and History. During the development period of Kahoot! Quiz games, Simon Hunt, a 3/4 teacher at Tottingham Primary School in Bury, UK, helped us out to test Kahoot! Quiz games together with his students. With child-friendly features like read-aloud technology and its diverse content, he finds it as a good teaching tool, and his young learners love to play it! A digital learning space for your pupils and a toolkit for you, so that you can search, plan, allocate and assess all in one place.A supercharged upgrade to traditional math manipulatives. Sparks conversations that engage the whole class. Allows the whole class to collaborate. Enjoy, Create, Modify and Share with Kahoot! Courses. There are more than 30 “ready to teach” lessons expertly crafted by our team for you to enjoy with no prep time, but you can also use lessons ... Math is typically involved in designing video games when a video game has a physics engine or deals with statistics and probability. Math is also involved in a game’s visual design and graphics.Feb 18, 2023 · This is one of the most innovative ways to proceed with interactive lessons. Plus, you can assign homework from your home. Apart from attaching images, you can also send funny clips to make the lessons more interesting. The more you involve students, the quicker they learn. "Quizlet". 5. Quizlet. Playing Kahoot! is really simple: - Enter the game PIN that you see once the host has launched the kahoot. You don't even need to create an account! - On the next step, type your nickname. - All ready to go! Look up to the shared screen and use your device as the controller to answer the questions.Version History. Version 1.3.19. The newest game in the award-winning DragonBox series is here! Kahoot! Multiplication is a game that your child will be truly delighted to play. 20 wacky and exciting mini games, and an engaging reward system, compel your child to keep practicing until they can recite the times tables with ease. 04/17/2022.Playing Kahoot! is really simple: - Enter the game PIN that you see once the host has launched the kahoot. You don't even need to create an account! - On the next step, type your nickname. - All ready to go! Look up to the shared screen and use your device as the controller to answer the questions.It is a user-friendly app with amazing features like online attendance, homework submission, detailed performance reports and much more- a perfect on- the- go solution for parents to know about their wards’ class details. ... Homework Math Solver. Educación. 4.3. Descargar. Kahoot! Play & Create Quizzes. Educación. 4.7. Descargar. …Kahoot Bot is a great online tool that provides students with the means to send artificial bots and flood Kahoot Games. The goal is to allow the end-user to send bots to the desired game or session online without restrictions. It is known by many names, including Kahoot spammer, Kahoot Killer, Kahoot crasher, Kahoot Ninja, and many more. .